Erken Osmanlı Mimarisinde Renkli Sır Tekniğindeki çiniler(1300 – 1453) [tiles Of Coloured Glaze İn The Early Ottoman Architecture]
Döküman Önizlemesi
Tile has provided an unfading chrominance to the architectural constructions. The technique has got rich through changes according to the various periods and areas. As in all elements of decoration, characteristics of the civilizations’ culture have been reflected in tile art. Early Ottoman Period (1300-1453) tile art is a transition period between the Anatolian Seljuk’s Period and the Classical Ottoman Period. Main characteristics of this period of tile art exhibit mono-colored glazed tiles, blue-white tile group and tiles of colored glaze technique. Tiles of colored glaze technique are seen among examples of the Early Ottoman architecture at constructions of Bursa and Edirne. Information on the origin of the tile decorations at these constructions lay on the inscriptions of tile craftsmen. As Timur’s Anatolian campaign in 1402 has resulted in arrival of several craftsmen to Anatolia, a number of craftsmen from Anatolia were also taken to Samarqand by Timur’s army. For example, the signature of the craftsman from Tabriz which is seen on the altar of the Green Mosque in Bursa and the writing of “Muhammed El-Mecnun” on the Sultan maksoorah display Timur’s effect beyond doubt. Ali Ibn-i İlyas Ali of Bursa mentioned on thee stone inscription, is the frescoer who has been the responsible of all decorations on the construction. It is mostly accepted that Ali İbni İlyas Ali was among the craftsmen taken to Samarqand together with Timur’s army and was trained there. He is also supposed to be named after Tabriz there. Understanding of the similarities of the Green Mosque and its “Külliye” (complex of buildings adjacent to a mosque) to Timur’s constructions is important for realizing the period’s unity of the style. The technique and construction place of the tiles of colored glaze technique that arrived Anatolia through Samarqand and Persia have not been clarified yet. At the İznik excavations, known as the production center of the Ottoman Period tiles, only small parts of tiles of colored glaze technique were found. The tiles at constructions in Bursa, Edirne and İstanbul which were produced by use of colored glazes technique are supposed to be produced at temporary workshops built next to the constructions. The patterns and quality characteristics of tiles, produced by use of colored glaze technique, at the handiworks in each three cities seem to verify this proposition. However up till today, no kilns were found in which colored glaze technique has been produced. The Anatolian constructions exhibiting tiles of colored glaze technique within the Early Ottoman Period are; Green Mosque and its “Külliye”, Muradiye Mosque, Muradiye Madrasah in Bursa, Muradiye Mosque and Shah Meleq Mosque in Edirne. Complicated herbal compositions are seen at tiles of colored glaze technique. Flowers, leaves, peonies, ivies, palmet and rumi (a style of ornamentation (widely used by the Anatolian Seljuk) are the most common motifs used. The colors often used at tiles of colored glaze technique are turquoise, navy blue, blue black, white, yellow, pistachio green, and gold latten. However the contours separating the colors are red and black. The red contours at Bursa examples are marked by gold latten. The tiles of colored glaze technique that we see among examples of the Early Ottoman Period in 14th and 15th centuries have brought a different and unfading chrominance to the architectural constructions.
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